Estonia Bioremediation project
In 1989, recombinant phenol-degrading bacteria were released into soil near Kohtla-Järve, Estonia — one of the earliest deliberate environmental releases of genetically engineered microbes, intended to help remediate heavy industrial phenol pollution. More than three decades later, those engineered genes may still persist in the environment, maintained by horizontal gene transfer under continued pollutant selection.
In spring 2025, the lab travelled to the Estonian peatlands to find out — sampling the site to track whether the recombinant genes are still there, and what a multi-decade release can teach us about deploying engineered organisms responsibly. It's part of our Engineering × Ecology work on engineered microbes in the field. The photographs and video below are from that fieldwork.